Several treaties were signed after the Royal Proclamation and before Confederation in 1867. These included the Vancouver Island Treaties of 1850-1854, also known as the Douglas Treaties. Under these treaties, the First Nations surrendered interests in lands in areas of what are now Ontario and British Columbia, in exchange for certain other benefits, that could include reserves, annuities or other types of payment, and certain rights to hunt and fish.

The fourteen Vancouver Island Treaties are sometimes referred to as the Douglas Treaties, after James Douglas the chief factor of Fort Victoria (Hudson's Bay Fort), who negotiated the purchase of approximately 358 square miles of land on Vancouver Island. The Aboriginal peoples in return were paid in blankets and promised the rights to hunt on unsettled lands and to carry on fisheries "as formerly."

There were no more treaties on Vancouver Island after 1854 due to lack of funds from the Crown and due to the slowness of European settlement on Vancouver Island during this period.