First Nations, Inuit and Métis of Canada history, culture, treaties and heritage.

First Nations, Inuit & Métis by Province and Territory

Canada is home to many distinct First Nations, Inuit, and Métis communities. This guide helps visitors explore Indigenous peoples, communities, history, languages, treaties, and resources by province and territory.

Provincial and territorial borders are useful for finding information, but they do not define Indigenous Nations or traditional territories. A Nation’s homeland may extend across present-day provincial, territorial, or international borders, and many Nations have relationships with neighbouring communities that long predate Canada.

First Nations, Inuit, and Métis are distinct Indigenous peoples. This page is organized by location for easier browsing while recognizing that each community has its own name, history, culture, leadership, and relationship to its lands and waters.

Browse by Province

  • First Nations, Inuit and Métis in Alberta
  • First Nations, Inuit and Métis in British Columbia
  • First Nations, Inuit and Métis in Manitoba
  • First Nations, Inuit and Métis in New Brunswick
  • First Nations, Inuit and Métis in Newfoundland and Labrador
  • First Nations, Inuit and Métis in Nova Scotia
  • First Nations, Inuit and Métis in Ontario
  • First Nations, Inuit and Métis in Prince Edward Island
  • First Nations, Inuit and Métis in Quebec
  • First Nations, Inuit and Métis in Saskatchewan

Browse by Territory

  • First Nations, Inuit and Métis in the Northwest Territories
  • First Nations, Inuit and Métis in Nunavut
  • First Nations, Inuit and Métis in Yukon

First Nations by Province and Territory

First Nations communities are located throughout Canada. Their histories, languages, cultures, governance systems, and treaty relationships differ from Nation to Nation. Some communities are located on reserves, while others are not. Many First Nations people also live in towns and cities away from their home communities.

Use the regional links above to find First Nations communities by province and territory, then continue to the First Nations A–Z guide for individual Nation and community articles.

Inuit Regions in Canada

Inuit are Indigenous peoples with distinct histories, languages, rights, and homelands. Inuit Nunangat, the Inuit homeland in Canada, includes the Inuvialuit Settlement Region in the Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Nunavik in northern Quebec, and Nunatsiavut in northern Labrador.

Explore the Inuit in Canada section for information about Inuit Nunangat, Inuit communities, Inuktut, culture, history, and Inuit-led resources.

Métis Communities in Canada

Métis are a distinct Indigenous people with deep roots in the historic Métis Nation Homeland. This Homeland includes the Prairie provinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta, as well as parts of Ontario, British Columbia, the Northwest Territories, and the northern United States.

Explore the Métis in Canada section for information about Métis history, communities, culture, Michif, and Métis self-determination.

How to Use This Guide

Choose a province or territory to find articles and resources connected to that region. As this section grows, each regional page will lead to relevant Nations and communities, language information, treaty and historical resources, and carefully selected external sources.

For the most accurate current information about a particular Nation or community, use the community’s official website or a trusted Indigenous-led organization whenever possible. Names, leadership, programs, and community priorities can change, and the Nation itself is the best source for its own information.

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